Introduction
Overview of the OSI Concept.
Description of OSI Model.
Description of OSI Layers
The Communications Layers.
The Role of the Transport Network.
Overview of PDH.
PDH Hierarchy.
PDH Multiplexing Mapping Structure.
Principles of PDH Multiplexing.
Justification.
Multiplexing Principles.
Versions of Time Division Multiplexing.
PDH Equipment Options ADM, TM, and DXC's.
Limitations of PDH.
SDH Introduction
PDH-SDH Comparisons.
PDH Synchronisation.
SDH Synchronisation
Advantages of SDH.
ITU-T Recommendations/Standards for SDH.
SDH and SONET Bit Rates.
SDH Multiplexing Hierarchy.
Analogy of SDH Multiplexing Hierarchy.
Difference between Paths and Sections.
Definition of Path and Section Overheads.
SDH Equipment Configurations and Topologies
SDH Electrical and Optical Interfaces.
Types of Client Traffic and Network Inputs.
SDH Equipment and their Component Parts.
Make up of STM-16 Sub Rack.
The Digital Cross-Connect (DXC).
SDH Terminal Multiplexer (TM).
SDH TM Configuration examples.
SDH Add Drop Multiplexer (ADM).
SDH ADM Configuration examples.
SDH Digital Cross Connects (DXC).
SDH Network Sections.
SDH Point to Point.
SDH Ring Networks.
SDH Star Topology.
SDH Meshed Network
Example of SDH Network.
SDH Protection
Hardware Component Protection.
Power Supply Protection.
Equipment Protection 1:N.
Software and Database Protection.
Multiplexer General Block Diagram.
Multiplex Section Protection (MSP) 1+1, MSP 1:1,
And MSP 1:N.
Sub Network Connection Protection (SNCP).
Hardware Capacity in SDH.
STM-N Ring Capacity.
Dedicated Protection Ring (DPRing).
Protection Ring (MS Spring).
SDH Management
Management Platform Responsibilities.
Network Management Roles/Activities.
Types of System Access for Management Control.
Management Platform Functional Components.
Role of Network and Element Managers (NEM).
Element Manager Functionality.
Network Manager Functionality.
Role of Local Controllers (LC).
Local Controller Functionality.
Management Information Base (MIB).
Access of Network from Management Platforms.
Network Service Access Point (NSAP) Addressing.
Layout of SDH DCN.
Example of Options for Access via the DCN onto SDH Network.
Network Access via DCN.
Data Flow-Logging into the Mgt Platform.
Data Flow-Managing a NE.
Data Flow-Sending SDH Commands.
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SDH Multiplexing Technique
Multiplexing Terminology.
Mapping and aligning Tributary signals (Containers 'C').
Virtual Container (VC) and Path Overheads.
VC's into Tributary Units (TU).
TU Pointers.
Multiplexing TU's into a Tributary Unit Group 2 (TUG2).
Multiplexing TUG 2's into TUG 3.
Multiplexing TUG 3's into VC 4.
Multiplexing numbering scheme.
VC 4 Path Overheads.
KLM Numbering Scheme.
Administrative Unit (AU 4) Pointer.
Role of the AU 3.
Role of the Administrative Unit Group (AUG).
SDH Frame.
Scrambling in SDH.
STM-N Section Overheads.
Example of a Complete STM-N.
STM-1 to STM-4 Mapping Process.
SDH Functional View
AU-4 Contiguous Concatenation VC 4-4c.
AU-4 Virtual Concatenation.
Switching in SDH.
Functional Block.
Overview of SDH Functional Blocks.
Low Order Functional Blocks.
High Order Functional Blocks.
SDH Network Synchronisation
Network Synchronisation Methods.
One Master Clock for the whole Network.
Distributed Master Clocks.
Synchronisation Signal from a Co-operating Network.
Jitter and Wander in SDH.
ITU-T Standards for Synchronisation.
Clock Quality.
Primary Reference Clock (PRC).
Clock Qualities (Caesium).
Clock Qualities (GPS).
SASE and SEC, Working Modes.
SDH Equipment Timing Sources.
SDH Equipment Timing Options.
Synchronisation Reference selection options.
Distribution of Timing in SDH Networks (PAMS).
ITU-T Rec G.803 Synch Trails.
SDH Auxiliary and Alarm Functionality
Optional use of Auxiliary Functionality.
Interaction of Maintenance Signals.
SDH Alarm Generation and Interaction.
SDH Error Monitoring Signals and Remote Alarms.
Examples of SDH Alarms.
SDH System Testing.
Transportation of other Technologies over SDH
SONET over SDH.
SONET Payload over SDH.
Mapping of ATM Cells into a VC-4.
ATM over SDH Concatenation.
Advantages of WDM over SDH.
Previous Transmission set-up.
SDH and WDM Interworking.
Interfacing WDM to Other Layers.
WDM verses DWDM.
DWDM Overview.
DWDM Regulatory Bodies.
Description of Closed and Open Architectures.
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